Tranexamic AcID + MELASMA
Melasma is a pigmentary chronic condition seen on the face that presents with brown patches. Melasma is known to be a challenging skin condition that has two main causes; sun exposure and hormones. Though melasma is typically seen in women, it can also affect men as there is a genetic component associated with it.
There are an estimated 6 million women who have melasma discoloration. It is more common in melanated skin tones and appears as tan, brown, grayish brown, or bluish gray patches and freckle-like spots on the face. In rare cases it can develop elsewhere like the neck and arms though it is unusual.
Like any other skin concern, the first step in treating melasma is to confirm the skin condition with a dermatologist. From there, you and your provider can discover the root cause of the melasma as it is important for the underlying cause to be addressed. An important step in the treatment of melasma is protecting the skin from the sun. Sun exposure can exacerbate melasma as the light and heat can aggravate the condition. Many people have reported that their melasma is worse in the summer and notice it lightens up during the winter. A non-chemical, zinc physical sunscreen is best for daily protection.
When it comes to topical treatments, there are a variety of topicals recommended for patients to lighten the dark pigmented patches. Hydroquinone is often used since it is a bleaching agent, however it is not recommended for women who are pregnant and can cause skin irritation. Kojic acid and retinoids are other topical options that work by lighting the skin. In recent findings Tranexamic acid (TXA) can be used orally and/or topically to successfully treat melasma. Clinical studies revealed that TXA treatment (orally and/or topically) for melasma is equally effective or more effective than other standard therapies and may induce fewer side effects. The topical application of TXA is also known to visibly reduce dark spots and acne scars.
Melasma is difficult to treat, however it can be done with a tailored treatment plan. It is important to note that it is a process that takes time. Though multiple therapies may be used to lighten the skin, the first step is to never skip sunscreen.